Often underestimated, the benefits of physiotherapy for people with profound intellectual disability are well documented. Children and adults affected by ID face unique challenges in their physical and cognitive development. Whilst physiotherapy cannot cure, it does provide essential support that helps improve overall quality of life. Here are five benefits of physiotherapy:
1. Physiotherapy improves mobility and motor skills
Depending on the cause, people with profound intellectual disability – in particular those born with cerebral palsy – are prone to physical disabilities as well. We tend to think of physical disabilities in terms of being unable to walk, talk, see or hear. But physical disabilities extend to almost all areas of movement, including the ability to chew, cough, grasp small objects or fasten buttons.
Through tailored exercises, physiotherapists can help people with disabilities increase their strength, balance, coordination, and range of motion. By targeting specific muscle groups and addressing physical limitations, the physiotherapist may be able to improve the patient’s mobility, or enable them to manage some daily activities independently.
Being able to feed themselves, or brush their own teeth, may not seem like a big step forward for someone affected by profound intellectual disability. But these small gains are invaluable in allowing them a greater sense of freedom and independence.
2. Relieves pain and promotes relaxation
Massage is an integral part of physiotherapy, and is useful in relieving pain and relaxing stiff muscles. Hydrotherapy, or water treatment, takes place in warm water – a bath, jacuzzi or heated swimming pool. Water has the advantage of providing natural buoyancy to support patients and reduce pressure on unstable joints. It also offers resistance, making strengthening exercises more effective.
Most children and adults with intellectual disability enjoy hydrotherapy. However, it’s not suitable for those with skin conditions, uncontrolled epilepsy, bowel incontinence or fear of water.
3. Corrects postural problems
People who are physically able can adjust and correct their position and posture if they become uncomfortable. But, many people with profound intellectual disability are physically incapable of moving themselves, and may not be able to communicate their discomfort.
Sitting or lying in an uncomfortable position can adversely affect their health. They may suffer from pain, contractures, spinal deformities (such as scoliosis), an increased risk of fractures, loss of function and breathing difficulties.
Physiotherapists use positioning techniques and equipment such as foam wedges, orthotics and sleep systems to keep these patients comfortable throughout the day and night.
4. Helps prevent secondary health conditions
Owing to limited mobility and poor muscle tone, people with profound intellectual disability are often affected by secondary health complications. Respiratory disease is thought to be leading cause of death (46-52%) among these individuals.
Regular physical therapy sessions can help prevent issues such as respiratory and chest problems, contractures, pressure sores and musculoskeletal disorders. Many of the special angels at Little Eden receive chest therapy every morning to dislodge mucus in the lungs and keep airways clear. This is crucial to their health, as they may not be able to cough effectively. Effective coughing is a must for normal airway clearing.
5. Encourages social interaction
Physiotherapy offers a unique opportunity for people with profound intellectual disabilities to engage in meaningful communication and social interaction. Trust is key to this process, so it’s best to schedule regular sessions with the same therapist. He or she will create a safe and supportive environment for your child or adult with profound intellectual disability, to encourage communication and boost self-confidence.
These sessions can also be fun. Your therapist may use massage, heat pads, sensory objects, assistive devices like balance balls, and play-based activities to encourage movement and stimulate interest.
There’s no doubt that physiotherapy contributes significantly to the overall quality of life for people with profound intellectual disability. By addressing physical limitations, promoting mobility, and preventing health complications, physiotherapy allows them to participate in activities they enjoy, engage with their environment, and experience a greater sense of fulfillment. Improved physical well-being also positively impacts on mental and emotional health.